Payday and Other Small Dollar Loans

On June 22, CRL joined over 60 organizations in calling on the Federal Reserve System to hold public hearings on the application of Enova and Opportunity Financial to acquire BNC Bank and to become bank holding companies.

The 103 undersigned consumer, civil rights, and community organizations wrote to Chairman Scott, Ranking Member Warren, Chairman Hill and Ranking Member Waters urging them to defend and strengthen interest rate limits and transparency to address the affordability crisis by: Insisting that the Trump Administration deny applications from Enova and OppFi, lenders that charge annual interest rates of 100% APR and...

The Center for Responsible Lending (CRL) and the National Consumer Law Center (NCLC) continued with their advocacy on behalf of payday loan app users in the courts, filing an amicus (friend of the court) brief in the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals to support Staff Sergeant John Revell's individual claims and on behalf of putative classes against Grant Money, LLC...

This litigation tracker compiles key cases addressing payday loan app products. It highlights how courts and enforcement authorities are analyzing core issues such as whether advances constitute “credit,” how fees and tips are treated under applicable law, and whether these products trigger protections like the Military Lending Act’s 36% rate cap and other disclosure and anti-evasion requirements. So far, every...

Civil rights and consumer advocacy organizations urge the Federal Reserve Board to deny an application to become a bank holding company, submitted by Enova, raising particular concern about the effects of its predatory lending on communities of color. This nonbank lender has disproportionate number of complaints from majority-minority communities, charges triple-digit interest rates, has charge-off rates (a measure of defaults)...

The NAACP encouraged Maryland Governor Wes Moore to sign into law legislation that would restore some protections for people using payday loan apps.

CRL submitted comments to Acting Director Vought arguing the draft Strategic Plan retreats from the Bureau's statutory obligations at a moment of acute consumer affordability pressure, raising 3 core concerns: Fair banking is defined too narrowly. Objective 1.1 centers almost entirely on ideological debanking under EO 14331, with no mention of ECOA, fair lending, or the racial wealth gap. Objective...

The Center for Responsible Lending (CRL) and the National Consumer Law Center (NCLC) continued with their advocacy on behalf of payday loan app users in the courts, filing an amicus (friend of the court) brief in the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals to support Petty Officer Samuel Vickery and Sargeant Rae Fuller’s class action lawsuit against lender Empower Finance, Inc...

Payday loan apps offer small, short-term loans that are typically repaid on the consumers’ next payday. These products are sometimes called Earned Wage Advance, Early Wage Access, or EWA but few merit this name. Research by CRL and others has demonstrated using these apps leave many consumers worse off - paying high fees for small loans, increasing their risk of...

Payday loan apps, often marketed as a low-cost or even “free” way to access wages early, are anything but. This one-pager explains how common features, such as expedite fees, so-called “tips,” and repeated small-dollar transactions, drive up the true cost of borrowing, resulting in triple-digit annual percentage rates for many users. This resource shows how the business model depends on...